Biochemical profiling, transcriptomic analysis, and biotechnological potential of native microalgae from the Peruvian Amazon

Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms with a cosmopolitan distribution. Due to their metabolic versatility, these microorganisms can be used for biotechnological purposes to solve environmental problems, food insecurity, and diseases, among others. Our research team has identified, grown, and described certain native microalgae from the Peruvian Amazon at the biochemical and molecular levels during the previous eight years. Consequently, the aim of this book chapter is to present updated information based on published and unpublished results of our research team on the biochemical profile, transcriptome analysis, and biotechnological potential of native microalgae from the Peruvian Amazon. The microalgae cells were isolated using three different approaches from the three main rivers (Amazon, Itaya, and Nanay), and these cells were cultured using standardized methods. Microalgae strains that were successfully grown were identified morphologically and molecularly. Several microalgae species’ transcriptomes and biochemical profiles were also determined. According to the evaluations carried out, these microalgae are suitable for biodiesel production and biosynthesis of human nutrients and health-promoting compounds.